Hello! Rachael here on the Dóchas blog! Narcissism is a word that gets tossed around a lot, especially online. But what does it really mean? And does everyone with narcissistic behaviours have a personality disorder?
When people use the word narcissism or narcissistic, they are referring to someone displaying characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). While someone may be narcissistic, it does not always mean they have NPD. NPD is a personality type that is characterized by selfishness, involving a sense of entitlement, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. So how do we know if someone is being confident, displaying signs of narcissism, or has NPD?
The DSM-5-TR criteria for narcissistic personality disorder require the client displays of 5 or more of the following:
- Has a grandiose sense of self-importance.
- Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
- Believes that he/she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by other special/high-status people.
- Requires excessive admiration.
- Has a sense of entitlement.
- Is interpersonally exploitative (takes advantage of others to achieve their goals).
- Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
- Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them
- Shows arrogant, haughty behaviours, or attitudes.
These traits begin in early adulthood and are present in a variety of different situations. Though some of us may display some of these traits in different situations, it is only considered NPD when these traits are inflexible, maladaptive, persistent, and create significant functional impairment or distress. While someone with NPD may appear outwardly arrogant and filled with self-confidence, in truth they have fragile self-esteem that is vulnerable to even the slightest criticism.
This fragile self-esteem is what differentiates someone with NPD from someone who is narcissistic. An individual who is narcissistic will meet much of the criteria for NPD, however, they do not have a lack of self-esteem. They are driven to gain power, money, and prestige, and have no difficulty exploiting others as their lack of awareness/insight results in feeling no shame or remorse.
Being confident in your abilities/talents, recognizing your specialness, occasionally being envious of others, or being grandiose in your plans does not make you narcissistic or mean you have NPD. It is important to recognize our strengths, what makes us special, and sometimes brag about ourselves. When we rely on others for validation or show disregard for others, is when we may be entering into narcissism territory.
NPD, along with other personality disorders, are treated with psychotherapy. There is also a variety of assessment tools that help to aid in determining if someone has a personality disorder. Rather than guessing or self-diagnosing, it is better to reach out if you have questions. Dóchas Psychological Services is here if you have questions, so reach out to us at info@dochaspsychologicalservices.com or 780 446 0300.
About Dóchas Psychological
Dóchas Psychological Services is a well-established and trusted therapy clinic located in Spruce Grove, Alberta. At Dóchas we value the idea that everyone deserves a safe space. Through connection and education, our team works hard to build a trustworthy relationship with each of our clients. It is our goal to create a community for our clients to feel like they belong.
Disclaimer
Information provided through Dóchas Psychological Services blogs or vlogs is meant for educational purposes only. They are NOT medical or mental health advice. You can read more about our disclaimer here.
